Exception rules overview

  • Release version: Xanadu
  • Updated August 1, 2024
  • 3 minutes to read
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    Summary of Exception Rules Overview

    Exception rules for Vulnerability Response allow for the automation of deferring vulnerable items (VIs) that cannot be immediately remediated. By identifying impacted vulnerabilities or configuration items, customers can request exceptions, thereby streamlining the deferral process.

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    Key Features

    • Automated deferral of new and existing VIs based on approved rule conditions, reducing manual intervention and risk of missing service level agreements.
    • Priority-based rule execution ensures that the highest priority rule is applied first, preventing subsequent rules from affecting already processed VIs.
    • Exception rule lifecycle includes creation, approval, activation, deferral, and expiry.
    • Integration with the remediation task (RT) system to manage deferred items effectively.

    Key Outcomes

    After creating and approving an exception rule, it runs on applicable VIs starting from a specified "Valid from" date. Deferrals last until a designated "Deferred until" date, after which VIs are returned to the Open state and reassessed. Once expired, the rule ceases to apply to new or reopened VIs, although the associated RT remains in a Deferred state until its due date.

    Exception rules for Vulnerability Response enable you to automate the deferral process for vulnerable items (VIs). Request an exception for the vulnerable items (VIs) that can't be remediated or deferred immediately, by identifying the impacted vulnerabilities, configuration items (CIs), or VIs. Defer the matching VIs based on the rule when the system identifies them by automating the VI deferral process.

    Using exception rules in your organization

    Use exception rules to automatically defer new and existing VIs for a specific period if they match the approved rule condition. Automation minimizes the risk of missing service level agreements and makes it easier to manage multiple items, because you are eliminating manual intervention.

    Deferral rules support ordering, that is, the rule with the highest priority is run first. When a high-priority rule is applied on a VI, no subsequent rules are applied on it again even if the condition matches the VI.
    Note:
    • You can only create rules if you select Vulnerability Response in the Exception Management configuration. For details, see Configure Exception Management for Vulnerability Response.
    • When VIs are deferred by an exception rule, they are copied to the deferral vulnerability group (VG) that is created. The VIs continue to be part of the VGs they were part of earlier.
    The life cycle of an exception rule is as follows:
    • Creating an exception rule
    • Approving an exception rule request
    • Activating an exception rule
    • Deferring an exception rule
    • Expiry of an exception rule
    Creating an exception rule

    You can create an exception rule to automatically defer the VIs that match the defined conditions for the specified period. After you create an exception rule, submit it for approval.

    Approving an exception rule request

    Approving an exception rule request is a two-level process. If only the first-level approver is present, the exception rule can be assessed and approved by a single approval. However, if there's no first-level approver, an exception rule approval can't be approved. After the rule is approved, a remediation task (RT) is created. See Approve an exception rule request for more information.

    Note:

    Starting from Vulnerability Response v15.0, if you are deploying the VR application for the first time, the flow designer for exception management is enabled by default. If you are already using the workflow, you can update to the flow designer. In both cases, you cannot change it back to workflow. To configure approval rules for exception management and false positive, see Configure approval rules for Exception Management.

    After an exception rule request is approved, you can perform the following actions:
    • Cancel
    • Delete
    Activating an exception rule
    After an exception rule is approved, a remediation task is created in a Deferred state by default. Starting from the "Valid from" date, the exception rule runs on all the VIs that are created and also on the ones that are moved from the Closed to the Open state.
    Note:
    If you enable the Execute on existing data option, a scheduled job runs once on the existing data on the "Valid from" date.
    Deferring an exception rule

    You can defer VIs that match the conditions defined in this exception rule, up to the "Deferred until" date that is defined for the rule. On this date, the remediation task that you created for the exception rule is closed and all the VIs in this group move back to the Open state. Group rules are applied on them again to allocate them to the required RTs.

    Expiry of an exception rule

    After the exception rule expires, it no longer runs on new or reopened VIs. The associated RT remains in the Deferred state until the "Deferred until" date.

    Figure 1. Exception rules work flow prior to v15.0
    VR exception rules workflow that describes the differences between an approver rejecting or approving the exception rule, and whether the user wants to run the rule on existing data.